Computer viruses can pose a significant, often undetectable, threat to your online safety.

What is a computer virus? Definition and how they work? 

Definition of computer virus

A computer virus is a type of malicious software (malware) that spreads by attaching itself to legitimate files or programs. Computer viruses cannot spread and infect without attaching themselves to files or documents. Once a virus is activated—often when a user unknowingly opens an infected file or downloads compromised software—it can perform harmful actions, such as corrupting or deleting files, slowing down system performance, or even allowing cybercriminals to access personal data.

How do computer viruses spread?

Computer viruses can spread through various means, and knowing how to contract a virus is essential. Some of the most common ways viruses spread include:

  • Email attachments and text messages: Attackers disguise viruses in email attachments or links sent via text messages. Opening an infected file or clicking a malicious link can trigger the virus.
  • Untrusted downloads: Downloading software, games, or media from unofficial or suspicious websites can expose your device to malware.
  • Social media scams: Clicking on deceptive links, fake contests, or malicious advertisements on social media platforms can result in virus infections.
  • Compromised websites: Even legitimate websites can be hacked and used to distribute malware. Visiting an infected site or downloading a file from it can introduce a virus to your system.
  • Removable media: USB drives, external hard drives, or other removable storage devices that have been used on infected computers can transfer viruses to clean devices.
  • Mobile apps: Downloading apps from unofficial app stores or unverified developers increases the risk of installing malware.

How to know if you have a computer virus?

Detecting a virus early can help minimize damage. Some common signs that a device may be infected include:

  • Sluggish performance: A virus may use system resources, causing the device to lag or run sluggishly.
  • Frequent crashes or error messages: Unexpected system reboots or frequent error messages can indicate a problem.
  • Unusual pop-ups or unwanted ads: Persistent pop-ups, even when a browser is closed, can be a sign of malware.
  • Missing or corrupted files: Some viruses delete or alter files, making them inaccessible.
  • Unauthorized account activity: Cybercriminals may use a virus to gain access to personal or financial accounts, leading to unauthorized transactions.
  • Disabled security software: Some viruses attempt to disable antivirus programs or prevent software updates to avoid detection.

How to prevent computer viruses?

Preventing a virus infection requires a combination of proactive security measures and safe browsing habits. Here are some key steps to enhance protection:

  • Keep software and operating systems updated: Software updates often include security patches that help protect against known vulnerabilities.
  • Use reputable security software: Antivirus and anti-malware programs can help detect and remove threats before they cause harm.
  • Avoid clicking suspicious links or attachments: Be cautious when opening emails or text messages from unknown senders, and never download files from unverified sources.
  • Practice safe browsing habits: Stick to trusted websites, verify URLs before clicking on links, and avoid downloading free software from unfamiliar sources.
  • Use strong, unique passwords: Secure accounts with strong, complex passwords and enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) when possible.
  • Regularly back up data: Keeping backups of important files can help minimize damage in case of an infection.

By staying informed and practicing good cyber hygiene, you can reduce the risk of virus infections and better protect your devices and personal information.

 Learn more tips on Cyber Safety and online security, visit uk.Norton.com.

Norton Benefit Solutions offers a digital wellness benefit that helps empower employees with protection for their identity, devices, and online privacy.

 

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